On Negative Evaluation of ZHANG Da-qian in His Early and Middle Ages: A Case Study of Three Key Words Morality, Technique and Commercialization

At the moral level, ZHANG Da-qian stressed the self portrait of literary men and different people. In terms of painting techniques, he sought for the comprehensive employment of visual factors. And he was good at making use of commercial forces as well. All these were quite different from what the traditional literary men and painters portrayed and were opposed by painters of Beijing School who held the traditional aesthetic fashion. ZHANG was a figure of legend with high integrity. And the evaluation on him should avoid the two extremes simply: complimentary or derogatory.