Exploring the Connotation of One Chopstick of Beef Noodles in Rulin Waishi

WU Jingzi (1701-1754) describes a scene where squires consume beef noodles. He meticulously selects yizhu (one chopstick) of beef noodles to denote one serving picked with chopsticks in Chapter Two of Rulin Waishi (The Scholars). The interpretation of yizhu has long been debated by scholars. Some suggest that it signifies a large amount, while others argue that it represents a realistic depiction. This paper posits that it is indeed a realistic representation, reflecting the Qing Dynasty’s limited availability of beef due to scarcity which results in restriction to small quantities. By examining the Qing Dynasty’s laws prohibiting the slaughter of draft cattle and the limited beef supply, this study explores WU’s satirical techniques through the contrasting judgments of two county magistrates, Magistrate TANG and Magistrate XIANG, in the adjudication of the illegal cattle slaughter cases. These cases serve to critique the corruption of the government and the hypocritical behavior of the squires. Through the depiction of one chopstick of beef noodles, his subtle irony and profound commentary on social issues are revealed through Rulin Waishi.