The relationship between loneliness and rumination: a meta-analysis

This study, by use of a meta-analysis method, quantitatively assessed the relationship between loneliness and rumination, and its influencing factors as well. After literature search and screening, 37 eligible articles with a total of 39 independent effect sizes and 29,351 participants were included. Based on the results of heterogeneity tests, a random-effects model was chosen for the meta-analysis.The results revealed a highly positive correlation between loneliness and rumination, and the measurement tool for rumination had a significant moderating effect on the relationship. However, gender, age stage, individualism index, and the measurement tool for loneliness did not significantly moderate the relationship.These findings indicate a close relationship between loneliness and rumination,supporting the evolutionary model of loneliness and the reactive style theory. Future research should use experimental or longitudinal designs to uncover the causal relationship between loneliness and rumination.