Abstract: By use of literature review, interviews and empirical study, a probe was made into the emergency mechanism for sudden death in long-distance running in physique test in colleges and universities. The results show: The current on-site emergency mechanism for sudden death in long-distance running in physique test is feasible and adaptable in colleges and universities. It has the advantages of circumventing the corresponding legal risk of schools and teachers, and can help rid them the fear of carrying out the long-distance running test job, and save schools some cost reasonably and is therefore of much value for popularization; the disadvantage lies in that it is suitable only for schools without school doctors on duty at the long-distance running test site and because teachers are nonprofessional first-aid personnel, their on-site first aid might produce little effect. Suggestions: The on-the-spot emergency mechanism for sudden death in long-distance running in physical fitness test in colleges and universities should be coupled with the job of students' safety education; greater importance should be attached to the CPR training work of teachers; Support and cooperation from school doctors is also quite necessary.