Abstract: There are a lot of descriptions and narrations concerning people with red hats, scarves and garments in Outlaws of the Marsh. These details show that the work is related to the red-scarf army. And The Epigraph concerning the Exemption of Rice as Tax by Prefecture Chief Jiang proves that the red-head army was the red-scarf army of the end of Yuan Dynasty, namely the red heads in the novel. Through the sorting of the rebellion of the red-scarf army, we can find that the novel has reflected some stories concerning the red-scarf army of the end of Yuan Dynasty. There are two reasons why the army took the red scarves as their symbols: the red color as the identity of Han people, and the distinction from the White-lotus religion