Abstract: Through literature and logical induction, this paper gave a brief introduction to the theoretical basis of adolescent physical activity, based on which, a summary was made of the progress of the current theoretical study of adolescent physical activity. The study found that self-efficacy theory and ecological systems theory had served as an important theoretical basis for adolescent physical activity research; emphasis on longitudinal studies, concerns on diversity, focus on the integration of behavioral theory and priority given to the use of new technology and quantitative research have become the major trends in the current study; lack of continuity in data tracking is a major problem faced with, and also a main problem to be solved in future