Abstract: The kidney structure ofPhasianus colchicus, Francolinus pintadeanusand Coturnix coturnix were compared by light microscope. The result showed that the kidney consists of many reniculi similar to that of most birds. The verge of cortex and medulla in kidney was not clear. The kidney is composed of many nephrons, collecting ducts and a little connective tissue. The nephron comprises a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscles were small but abundant. The structure of glomerular capillary was very simple and made from convoluted capillaries. The proximal convoluted tubule was lined with a well-developed brush border. The lumen diameters of both distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct were large, and their cell apex had no bush border. The number of glomerular capillary, proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule ofFrancolinus pintadeanus was more than that ofPhasianus colchicus and Coturnix coturnix. The evidence indicates that the ability of urinary concentration in Francolinus pintadeanuskidney may be stronger than that inCoturnix coturnix andPhasianus colchicus, yet still need further study is needed.