Abstract: During the civil war of Soviet Russia, the implementation of “Wartime Communism” led to the people’s great difficulty in life and the domestic political crisis as well. And Lenin came to realize the mistakes in the national and party’s policy and then decided to take actions. On one hand, the party led by Lenin took emergent measures to help people; on the other hand, the Russian Communist Party led by Lenin carried out the new economic policies which focused on improving people’s livelihood. These policies included taxation of grain and implementation of concession system and commodity exchange. Such practice is of vital significance for the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.