Abstract: During the Anti-Japanese War, the medical affairs of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia border region had been an important project for the people’s livelihood. Aiming at the backwardness of sanitary affairs, the border government had overcome all the difficulties and built up hospitals, promoted medical administration, established the cooperative society of medical treatment and developed medical affairs since its foundation. On the backward and barren soil, the government had set up a relatively sophisticated system of medical service and had trained a large amount of medical workers. Further, it opened up sanitary mass movement to improve people’s health and hence accumulated a great deal of experience for the construction of people’s livelihood.