Abstract: The enlightenment was an important means of social government. And ZHU Yuan-zhang, first emperor of Ming Dynasty, made great effort to implement school enlightenment. This included emphasis of schools as an important condition of enlightenment, the CHENG and ZHU’s idealist philosophy as the guiding principle, the role of schools at grass roots, taking schools as important enlightening places, and appointment of supervisors. The ZHU’s implementation of school enlightenment had exerted great influence on the politics and education of Ming Dynasty.