Abstract: By employing grey correlation analysis and Gini coefficient method, the regional industrial structure of the five prefecrtures in Southern Sichuan Economic Zone was put under examination with a cause analysis made about the industrial difference. In order to optimize and develop the industrial structure in the economic zone, suggestions are put forth as follows: to acquire comparative advantange through the optimization and update of industries with its own characteristics; to accelerate industrial congregation of dominant industries by making reasonable use of resources; to prompt industrial competitiveness by stepping up industrial innovation.