Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the important environmental problems in Panxi area. Quantitative assessment of regional soil erosion and conservation capacity and exploration of its influencing mechanism are important links in the construction of regional ecological environment, which can provide a theoretical basis for regional soil and water conservation decision-making. In this study, the InVEST model was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of soil erosion and conservation functions in Panxi area from 1980 to 2020, and the effects of single and double factor interactions of driving factors on soil conservation were analyzed by geographic detectors.The results indicate that: (1) In the past 40 years, soil erosion in Panxi area showed a fluctuating trend of "first increasing, then decreasing and then increasing", and the average erosion modulus increased from 2901.70 t·km^-2·a^-1 in 1980 to 3070.65 t·km^-2·a^-1 in 2020. (2) The areas with high soil conservation intensity were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas with high vegetation coverage (such as Xiaoxiangling and Luoji Mountain), and the soil conservation intensity did not change significantly in 80% of the areas. (3) The driving effect of natural factors on soil conservation was stronger than that of human factors, and slope (q=43.07%) and precipitation (q=30.09%) were the dominant factors, and the interaction between precipitation and slope (q=77.52%) had the strongest explanatory power on soil conservation.From 1980 to 2020, the soil erosion intensity in Panxi area was mainly micro-erosion (accounting for ＞30%), and the soil conservation function has been improved in the past 40 years. In the future, we can focus on the trend of soil erosion in areas with high precipitation and large slopes, and make full use of the advantages of areas with high vegetation coverage to reduce the risk of soil erosion deterioration in Panxi area.