Abstract: To promote the development of Strategic Emerging Industries (SEIs), facilitate ecological protection, and achieve high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, this study employs a Dynamic Shift-Share Spatial Model utilizing an economic weight matrix to measure the competitiveness level of SEIs within the basin from 2013 to 2022. The analysis examines spatio-temporal trends from the dual dimensions of individual provinces and the basin's upper, middle, and lower reaches. The results indicate that: (1) At the overall competitiveness level, the SEIs of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan provinces rank at the forefront within the Yellow River Basin, while other provinces are relatively underdeveloped. (2) At the level of the seven specific SEI sectors, the competitiveness of the New Energy Industry and the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industry shows an upward trend; the competitiveness of the New Energy Vehicle Industry remains stable; whereas the competitiveness of the New Generation Information Technology Industry, High-End Equipment Manufacturing Industry, New Material Industry, and Bio-Industry exhibits a declining trend. (3) Regarding regional distribution, the upper reaches of the basin are at a disadvantage in SEIs overall. The middle reaches demonstrate relatively strong competitive advantages in High-End Equipment Manufacturing, New Materials, Bio-Industry, and Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection. The lower reaches lead in the New Generation Information Technology, New Energy Vehicle, and New Energy industries.