Abstract: From the perspective of the cumulative risk model, this study conducted a questionnaire survey among 296 junior middle school students from a vocational secondary school using the Family Cumulative Risk Questionnaire, the Smartphone Dependence Scale, and the Psychological Resilience Scale. It aimed to explore the relationship between family cumulative risk and smartphone dependence, and to examine the underlying mechanism of psychological resilience in this relationship. The results indicated that: Family cumulative risk significantly and positively predicted smartphone dependence among the students; Psychological resilience played a moderating role in the relationship between family cumulative risk and smartphone dependence, exhibiting a "drop-in-the-bucket" pattern. Specifically, psychological resilience could buffer the impact of low family cumulative risk on smartphone dependence. However, as the level of family cumulative risk increased, this buffering effect gradually weakened and diminished. The study reveals that both family cumulative risk factors and psychological resilience are significant predictors of smartphone dependence among junior middle school students. Furthermore, psychological resilience acts as a "risk enhancer" in the relationship between family cumulative risk and smartphone dependence, where high levels of family risk diminish its protective effect.