Abstract: Against the backdrop of national efforts to promote the development of the digital economy and new quality productive forces, this study measures the development levels of the digital economy and new quality productive forces in the southern Sichuan region, encompassing Yibin, Luzhou, Neijiang, and Zigong cities. An evaluation system was constructed, comprising five dimensions for the digital economy (infrastructure, industrial development, innovation potential, service level, and living standards) and three dimensions for new quality productive forces (laborers, subject of labor, and labor tools). Data from 2014 to 2023 were measured and analyzed using the entropy method and a coupling coordination model. The study finds a significant improvement in the coupling coordination degree between the digital economy and new quality productive forces in southern Sichuan. The coupling coordination degree (D value) was 0.1 in 2014, indicating severe maladjustment, but reached 0.992 by 2023, entering a stage of high-quality coordination. This demonstrates a high level of integration between the two. The development gap among the four cities is relatively small, indicating good regional coordination without polarization. The study also identifies three key drivers for the rapid development of the digital economy: policy support, infrastructure improvement, and enterprise digital transformation. Conversely, the enhancement of new quality productive forces relies on three major elements: technological innovation, industrial structure optimization, and human capital investment. Future recommendations include optimizing the digital economy development environment, deepening industrial digital transformation, promoting the continuous upgrading of new quality productive forces, and achieving higher-quality economic growth.