Abstract: To further elucidate the relationship between regional agricultural production and climate resources under the background of climate change, this study utilizes data from 26 meteorological stations in Northeastern Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2020, as well as statistical yearbooks from 34 cities (districts, counties) from 2001 to 2020. The Thornthwaite Memorial model and geographic detector are employed to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of climate production potential and climate resource utilization rate in Northeastern Sichuan. Furthermore, the influencing factors of climate resource utilization rate are quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate the following: 1) Over the past 60 years,the climate productivity potential in Northeastern Sichuan has been increasing at a rate of 5.21g/(m².10a). Spatially, it exhibits a distribution pattern with higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest. 2) The average utilization rate of climate resources in Northeast Sichuan from 2001 to 2020 is 35.3%, and it is increasing at a rate of 2%/10a. Spatially, the utilization rate of climatic resources exhibits a pattern of higher values in the west and lower values in the east. 3) The detection analysis of influencing factors of climate resource utilization rate reveals that the impact of single factors such as effective irrigation area and fertilizer application amount is more significant (q=0.212, q=0.181). The interaction effects of these two factors are generally stronger. Following the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably optimize agricultural effective irrigation area and fertilizer application, coordinate regional industrial structure, in order to increase grain production and improve the utilization rate of climate resources.