Abstract: The effect of the focusing spot of the orthogonal cylindrical lens array optical system was analyzed by changing the lens element shape and the laser transmission distance. The square focal spot and rectangular focal spot are simulated and analyzed by GLAD virtual software for spot shape and light intensity distribution. Based on this, a technical optimization and improvement scheme to achieve uniform point focusing on the target surface was proposed. The results shown that the shape of the focal spot is highly correlated with the shape of the lens element, and the focal spot can be shaped by changing the parameters of the lens element; when the transmission distance was 400cm, the focal spot is closer to the ideal state than the focal spot when the transmission distance was 4000cm, and the middle of the focal spot was closer to the ideal state. smooth. The uniform smoothing of the beam could be achieved, and the focusing effect of the orthogonal cylindrical lens array optical system could be improved by improving the lateral heat conduction effect of the target material, moving the position of the target surface, and defocusing the target surface.