Abstract: Basedon differences of the urban-rural dual structure, a comprehensive index system for measurement was constructed to measure the efficacy of urban-rural coordinated development. The efficacy of the urban-rural coordinated devel- opment and the synchronous coordination relations of the urbanization in the evolving process of the urban-rural dual structure in the Chengdu-Chongqing pilot area between2007 and2015 were both subjected to thorough investigation. The study finds that, since the establishment as a national coordinated urban-rural comprehensive reform pilot area, the reforms coordinating urban-rural development in the two regions have exerted positive impacts on reducing the urban-rural differences;a synchro- nously coordinated development is basically achieved between urbanization, industrialization and agro-industrialization, yet still obstacles and difficulties like the striking dual differences of urban-rural economy, the imbalance of economic growth rate of ur- banization cannot be ignored. Therefore, it becomes entirely necessary to optimize the urban-rural spatial structure and elimi- nate the restraints impeding the smooth flow of essential productive factors between cities and the rural areas, and to accelerate the new-type urbanization so that the coordinated urban-rural development can be rid of all of the obstacles and difficulties and made a reality.