Abstract: y adopting the vessel elements segregation technology, a comparative study was made to find out about the
secondary xylem of Cerasus pseudocerasus and Cerasus serrulata var. Lannesiana in terms of their vessel element type, quantity, length, diameter, the perforated plate type and the tail end features. It was found that the perforated plates of the two plants are mostly simple perforation plate, and alsomultiple perforated plates, scalariform perforation plates, wall perforated plate, sidewall perforated plates arefound; vessel types are mostly pitted ones, and the inner wall of the vessel is of non-septate tertiary spiral and thickened striation, and a few of the vessels have found tylosis;the pits are of alternate pitting; the vessel elements either have tails at both ends or just have a tail at one end or simply have no tail at all. They are plants of close genetic relation which occupy a rather high position of phylogenetic development, and Cerasus serrulata var. Lannesiana is more evolved than Cerasuspseudocerasus. However, in their vessel elements there exist primitive characters and such primitive characters are found in both different vessel elements and the same vessel element of the same plants, indicating that the various characters of