Abstract: The article finds that the opportunities and challenges faced with the agricultural development in Bhutan are as follows: the infinite opportunities with backward agricultural productivity, an incomplete market system that retards the development of commercial agriculture; insufficient agricultural labor force. And an in-depth research of the system reveals that too much emphasis is laid on the research, yet inadequate attention is given to extension work; research does not aim to demands; insufficient work is done to popularization; human resources are too scarce; coordination is rarely found and the efficiency is low in popularization. And measures for lifting Bhutan out of difficulty are suggested: strategies be made to promote agriculture extension; adequate system for money supply be provided for this regard; a concerted effect be made to establish a coordinated system involving the agriculture extension sections and the research centers so as to serve together the agriculture households; relevant policies be perfected; and the management of human resources be reinforced and their abilities be elevated.