Abstract: The primary goal of CCP when the Party was founded is to fulfill the goal of building a perfect society---a society of no class, no exploitation yet of mutual prosperity. Therefore to develop the collective economy is an intrinsic requirement. However, after practice of more than two decades, the collective economy is universally regarded as unreliable. And the household contracted responsibility system breathes new life into the ailing stagnant economy. Yet with the draining of the economic potential of the small-peasant economy, the call for a large-scale running of the land is increasingly strong. The paper, focusing on the rise and fall of grain outputs during the years after the founding of new China, has sorted the debates and practices centering on the disputes between the small-peasant economy and collective economy, trying to make it clear that the productive force is not the only force that decides the Chinese agricultural economy mode, it has also been affected by the individual liking of a leader, and the living concept of the rural peasants as well and such an influence, to some extent, might have played a decisive role in the history.