Abstract: Due to their special situation, the peasants who have lost their farm land are apt to have some behaviors irrational, extremist and even antisocial when they try to safeguard their legal rights and fuse themselves into urban societies. The education of citizenship consciousness to them can help them conduct the reasonable safeguard of their legal rights, keep the social stability and bring into the reality the strategic aim of “promotion of agricultural transfer” and “vast peasants' equal participation in modernization” proposed by the Third Session of the 18^th Congress of CPC. Such education is a systematic project. And it is the inevitable road to construct the mechanism of cooperation among local governments, communities and peasants who have lost their farmland.