Abstract: The Chinese teaching takes the cultivation of the students’ Chinese language proficiency as its main task and integrates the training of various abilities into the teaching process. The first step to the realization of scientific teaching of Chinese is the understanding of the concept of Chinese proficiency which means one can exactly and creatively use his mother tongue, and adjust his psychology in language activities (listening, speaking, reading and writing). However, the skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing are only the extension of Chinese proficiency which cannot be defined as the four skills. Only when we clearly know the concept of Chinese proficiency can we understand further the laws of Chinese teaching and learning and hence design the scientific training plan.