Abstract: To gain insight into the brain’s mechanisms of motor control and the current dilemmas facing the field, a review is made of the establishment process of the"Motor center" localization theory of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. Our research finds: (1)From ancient anatomy to the Andreas Vesalius Anatomical Revolution, motor control has been gradually identified as a function of the brain, which constitutes the founding basis for the theory. (2)The dispute between"Holism" and"Localization" of brain function, which has prompted both sides to find out whether there is a"Motor center" in the cerebral CORTEX, becomes actually the motive force for its formation. The side in favor of "Localization theory", by applying electrical stimulation on the dog’s CORTEX, successfully localized the motor center in cerebral cortex. Finally, the progress to find the "Motor center" in the human cerebral cortex is slow, owing largely to the complexity of human brain structure, the prohibition of human anatomy in ancient times, the limitation of technical tools and the misleading of the philosophy of dualism. The review of this process can serve as a reference for the current research on the brain mechanism of motor control.