Abstract: The transformation of population, land and industry is an important feature to reveal the evolution of urban-rural system in the process of high-quality development in China, and its research is important to promote regional sustainable development and optimize the spatial pattern of national land. Based on the socio-economic and remote sensing data of three cities along the border between China and Vietnam, namely Fangchenggang, Baise and Chongzuo, the spatio-temporal analysis and Geodetector model were used to explore the characteristics of the spatio-temporal pattern of "People-Land-Industry" transformation and the extent of the driving forces. The results show that the transformation development of "People-Land-Industry" in the three cities along the border of Guangxi mainly presents the significant spatial characteristics of the central part of the city and the difference between the north and the south, and the spatial patterns of hot and cold spots are mainly distributed in the border counties in a diffuse manner, and the driving mechanism of the transformation development mainly comes from natural factors and economic factors. Therefore, we propose to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, coordinate the deployment of urban and rural land resources, and enhance the development power within the transformation advantage zone, such as "People-Land-Industry" transformation optimization suggestions to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi China-Vietnam border cities.