Abstract: In response to the far-from-satisfactory adjustment of industrial structure and irrational employment structure, based on the evolving law and status quo of the employment structure and industrial structure in Yunnan Province during the past ten years, the method of deviation degree from the industrial structure is used to check the co-ordination between the two.On the basis of a qualitative analysis of the causal factors of imbalance, the least square path analysis model between the employment structure and the industrial structure is constructed to reveal the causal factors and the influencing strengths of the imbalance between the employment structure and the industrial structure.The following conclusions were drawn:There is a significant imbalance between the employment structure and the industrial structure in Yunnan Province with the level of investment and consumption being the leading causal factors.The ever-increasing marketization and rate of urbanization has led to a balanced development between the two.To this end, measures like the speeding up of urbanization in mountainous areas, the guiding of investment flows, and giving attention to the development of production service industry.