Abstract: Through literature analysis,the most widely used textbooks of the Later Qing dynasty and the later period ofthe Republic of China were collected,and a comparison of the two kinds of textbooks used in the two periods was conducted to find out about the differences in aspects like the presentation of the content,expression of concepts, the characteristics in the selection of examples. And a contrastive analysis was then made against the textbooks used by Fuxing Secondary Middle School, accompanied with an analysis of the actual situation of the secondary middle school textbooks used in Sichuan as a whole. It is found that the middle school mathematics teaching in later Republic of China in Sichuan focused more on students’needs, students’ cognitive development, patriotism education, students’ future development of mathematics, the practical use of the subject, the use of graphs and etc. , which are still of practical application till today.