“A单+于”的性质特征及其演化历程与动因
The Characteristics, Evolution and Motivation of the Pattern“Monosyllabic Adjective + Yu”
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摘要: “单音节A+于”中的“于”处于“介词→附缀→后缀”连续统的某一阶段。“于”起初都是介词,随着双音化韵律的制约、“X于”的紧邻共现和类推原则,这一结构发生了重新分析,一部分“单音节A+于”逐渐融合使用,“于”变成了一个构词词缀。“单音节A+于”一旦成词后,先是粘宾动词,而后朝着状中关系发展,其中“难于”、“易于”已经副词化了,其他“单音节A+于”的副词化历程还未最终完成。“于”在介词演化为后缀的中间阶段是附缀,词缀是一个过渡性质的词类。Abstract: The word “yu” in the pattern “monosyllabic adjective + yu” is in a certain stage in the continuum of “preposition →affix →suffix”. At the beginning, it is a preposition. However, with the constraint of double tone rhythm, neighboring co-occurrence of “X + yu” and analogical principle, this structure has begun to diverge again. A part of the pattern “monosyllabic adjective + yu” has gradually got mergedinto use. And the word “yu” has been degraded into an affix. Once such pattern has evolved to be a word, it is a transitive verb and then it develops in the direction of relation between an adverbial and the center word, among which “nan yu” and “yi yu” have become adverbs. And the evolution of the pattern into adverbs has not come to an end. And “yu” in the middle of the evolution is an affix which is a transitional linguistic unit.
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