Abstract: 103 undergraduates were chosen as research subjects to verify the existence of implicit self-esteem and the dissociation of explicit- and implicit self-esteem and further explore the predictive power of the family environment upon the explicit- and implicit self-esteem and dissociation of the two. The result showed that:(1)significant implicit self-esteem is found in college students and the explicit self-esteem is dissociated with the implicit self-esteem;(2)Moral-religious orientation, emotional expression and the recreational attribute can significantly predict the male students' explicit self-esteem, while independence and cohesion can significantly predict female students' explicit self-esteem.(3)Only the conflicting characteristic possesses some predictive power of the implicit self-esteem.(4)The features of the individual family environment have a part in causing the dissociation between explicit- and implicit self-esteem.