Abstract: The microstructure of the pituitary gland of Schizopygopsis pylzovi was studied by means of histology, histochemistry and microscopy techniques. The result shows that: the pituitary of Schizopygopsis pylzovi is heart-shaped and belongs to the type of dorsal-ventral. It is composed of neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis, of which the latter is divided into rostral pars distalis(RPD), proximal pars distalis(PPD)and pars intermedia(PI). The neurohypophysis, composed of neurosecretory fibers and pituitary cells, has an advanced system of micro vessels. The granule cells consist of two kinds of cells: fiber and particle pituicyte. The adenohypophysis can distinguish 7 types of secretory cells, which include prolactin(PRL)cells and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ATCH)cells found in rostral pars distalis(RPD), the growth hormone(GH)cells, gonadotropin(GTH)cells and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)cells found in proxmial pars distalis(PPD),and melanocyte stmiulating hormone(MSH)cells and somatolactin(SL)cells found in pars intermedia(PI).