Dilemma and Resolution of the Intelligentization of Expression of Intent

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted the paradigm of expression of intent (ET) from electronic to intelligent forms. The process of intelligentization of ET refers to the increasing incorporation of AI into the formation process of such exoressions. However, AI lacks the capacity to make an ET and cannot be regarded as the declarant of such an expression. Furthermore, the use of AI widens the divergence between an actor’s inner intention and their external expression. This creates a practical dilemma where the expression cannot be attributed to any specific party. Network commerce, characterized by AI, represents an advanced stage of e-commerce. Therefore, it requires regulation of the intelligentization of ET, guided by commercial law values: maintaining transaction security and protecting reliance interests. Under this framework, strict objectivism should be adopted to attribute AI-shaped expressions to the user. Given the current state of algorithm trust and human-AI collaboration, users and AI effectively co-create a complete ET.