Abstract: This research, based on Rosenberg self-esteem scale, IAT and emotion regulation questionnaire, is designed to examine the relationship between college students’ self-esteem and emotion regulation, and 251 valid questionnaires are collected. The results show that: implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem are two independent structures; there is no significant difference found between male and female students on implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem and cognitive reappraisal; yet obvious difference is found in respect of the expression suppression; implicit self-esteem is positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression; explicit self-esteem is negatively correlated with expression suppression, but positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal; implicit self-esteem can positively predict cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression; explicit self-esteem can negatively predict expression suppression, but positively predict cognitive reappraisal.